The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy

Table. 1.

Table. 1. Table 1

The structure and delivery of community-based programs

Study	Participants	Intervention	Comparison	Outcomes	Level of evidence
Jung (2015)	Elderly (48) CG: only female, mean age 67.37± 1.97 IG: only female, mean age 68.33± 2.31	Duration: 12 wk Frequency: 60 min, 3/wk Intensity: AE (30-60%HRmax), RT (60%1RM) Component (min): WU (5), AE, RT (50), CD (5)	NR	Body structure: ↓BW^‡, ↓PBF^‡, ↑SMM^‡, ↓BMI^†‡ Body function: ↑HGST^‡, ↑BST^ Activity: ↑30CST^‡, ↑6MWT^†‡, →OLST	Ⅰ
Son et al. (2016)	Disabled elderly (40): Physical disability (19), Disability of brain lesion (21) 45% female, mean age NR	Duration: 12 wk Frequency: 40 min, 2/wk Component (min): WU (5), RT, BT (30), CD (5)	-	Body function: ↑GDSSF-K^* Activity: ↑4SBT^, ↑30CST^, ↑FRT^, ↓TUG^, ↑WHOQOL-BREF^*	Ⅲ
Han and Kim (2016)	Elderly (65) Only female, mean age 75.6± 6.79	Duration: 36 wk Frequency: 60 min, 3/wk Component (min): Recreation exercise (NR)	-	Body structure: ↑BDM^* Body function: ↑HGST^, ↑SRT^	Ⅲ
Ko et al. (2017)	Individuals with chronic disease (33): HTN (21), DM (8), HTN+DM (4) 69.7% female, mean age 66.03± 5.68	Duration: 8 wk Frequency: 60 min, 2/wk Intensity: RPE 13-17 Component (min): WU (5), AE (10), RT (45), CD (10)	-	Body structure: ↓BW^, ↓BMI^, ↓WC^, ↓HC^, ↓FFM^, →SMM, ↓PBF^, ↓SBP^, ↓DBP^, →BG, ↓TC^, ↓TG^, ↑HDL-C^, ↓LDL-C^, ↓HbA1c^* Body function: ↑HGST^, ↑SRT^ Activity: ↑30CST^, ↓TUG^, ↓F8WT^, ↑6MWT^	Ⅲ
Kim and Heo (2018)	Elderly (20) 60% female, mean age 73.55± 1.90	Duration: 5 wk Frequency: 60 min, 2/wk Component (min): WU (10), BT (45), CD (5)	-	Activity: Romberg test (↓EO-L^, ↓EO-AS^, ↓EC-L^, ↓EC-AS^), ↑FRT, ↑BPT^, ↓TUG^	Ⅲ
Ju and Bang (2018)	Elderly stroke patients (30) CG (15): 40.0% female, mean age 71.7 IG (15): 46.7% female, mean age 71.9	Duration: 12 wk Frequency: 90 min, 1/wk Component (min): WU (5), BT (30), CD (5), CT (40)	Duration: 12 wk Frequency: 90 min, 1/wk Component (min): PM (40), break (10), PA (40)	Body function: ↑LOTCA-G^‡, ↓BDI^‡ Activity: ↑WMFT-K (FAS)^‡, ↓WMFT-K (PT)^‡, ↑BBS^*‡	Ⅰ
Kim and Kim (2020)	Elderly (22) Only female, mean age NR	Duration: 12 wk Frequency: 60 min, 3/wk Intensity: RPE 13-14 (1-6 wk), RPE 15-16 (7-12 wk) Component (min): WU (10), RT (40) or AE (40), CD (10)	Standard care	Body structure: →BW, ↓BFM^†, ↑FFM^† Body function: ↑AC^†‡, ↑SRT^†‡, ↑MMSE-DS^†‡, ↓GDSSF-K^‡Activity: ↑30CST^‡, ↑2MST^*‡, ↓8UG^‡, ↑OLST^‡	Ⅱ
Park et al. (2021)	Adult (17) 52.94% female, mean age NR	Duration: 4 wk Frequency: 60 min, 1/wk Component(min): FL (NR), BE (NR), RT (NR), FL(NR)	-	Body function: →FVC, →FEV1, →FEV1/FVC, →MIP, →MEP, →PCF Activity: ↓TUG^, ↓FTSST^	Ⅲ
Park et al. (2021)	Individuals with metabolic syndrome (150) Only female LE (30): mean age 55.9±6.5 ME (60): mean age 56± 5.8 HE (60): mean age 55.9± 5.5	Duration (GE): 12 wk Frequency: 80 min, 1/wk Intensity: NR Component: WU, FL, RT, AE (50 min), Education (30 min) Duration (PE): 12 wk Frequency: 50 min, 5/wk Intensity: 40-55%HRR or RPE 12-13 Component: AE (50 min), RT (NR)	Same	Body structure: ↓BFM (ME, HE)^* (LE vs. HE)^‡, →WC (LE, ME, HE)^, ↓SBP (ME, HE)^(LE vs. HE)^‡, ↓DBP (ME, HE)^, →FBS, ↓TG (LE, ME, HE)^(LE vs. ME, LE vs. HE)^‡, ↑HDL-C (HE)^(LE vs. HE)^‡Body functions: ↑HGST (ME, HE)^, ↑SRT (LE, ME, HE)^(LE vs. HE)^‡, ↑CU (LE, ME, HE)^(LE vs. ME, LE vs. HE)^‡	Ⅱ

2MST: 2 Minute step test, 30CST: 30-Second chair test, 4SBT: 4-Stage balance test, 6MWT: 6-Minute walk test, 8UG: 8-Foot up and go, AC: Arm curl, AE: Aerobic exercise, AS: Average speed, BBS: Berg balance scale, BDI: Beck depression inventory, BDM: Bone density mass, BE: Breathing exercise, BFM: Body fat mass, BG: Blood glucose, BMD: Bone mineral density, BMI: Body mass index, BPT: Balance pad test, BST: Back scratch test, BT: Balance training, BW: Body weight, CD: Cool down, CG: Control group, CT: Cognitive training, CU: Curl up, DBP: Diastolic blood pressure, DM: Diabetes mellitus, EC: Eyes closed, EO: Eyes open, F8WT: Figure of 8 walk test, FBS: Fasting blood sugar, FFM: Fat free mass, FL: Flexibility, FEV1: Forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FRT: Functional reach test, FTSST: Five times sit to stand test, FVC: Forced vital capacity, GDSSF-K: Geriatric depression scale short form-Korean version, HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c, HC: Hip circumference, HDL-C: High density lipoprotein cholesterol, HE: High frequency exercise group, HGST: Hand grip strength test, HTN: Hypertension, IG: Intervention group, L: Length, LDL-C: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LE: Low frequency exercise group, LOTCA-G: Lowenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment-geriatric population, ME: Middle frequency exercise group, MEP: Maximal expiratory pressure, MIP: Maximal inspiratory pressure, MMSE-DS: Mini mental state examination-dementia screening, NR: Not reported, OLST: One leg standing test, PA: Physical activity, PBF: Percentage body fat, PCF: Peak cough flow, PM: Physical modality, RT: Resistance training, SBP: Systolic blood pressure, SMM: Skeletal muscle mass, SRT: Sit-and-reach test, TC: Total cholesterol, TG: Triglyceride, TUG: Timed up and go, WC: Waist circumference, WHOQOL-BREF: Who quality of life-BREF, WMFT-K: Wolf motor function test-Korean, WU: Warm-up.

↑: significantly increased, →: no change, ↓: significantly decreased, level of significance (p<0.05). *significant within-group change from pre to post in intervention group, ^†change in intervention group significantly lager than change in CG group, ^‡significant interaction effect between groups and time points.

J Kor Phys Ther 2024;36:208-18 https://doi.org/10.18857/jkpt.2024.36.6.208