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Comparison of pre-post changes in shoulder height, thoracic kyphotic angle, and muscle fatigue according to backpack weight between groups
| Variables | 0% | 10% | 15% | 20% | F | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SH (cm) | 0.11± 0.23 | 0.49± 0.48 | 0.46± 0.52 | 0.73± 0.64# | 2.887 | 0.045 |
| TKA (°) | -1.20± 2.25 | -0.38± 2.02 | -0.64± 2.21 | -1.71± 2.76 | 0.868 | 0.464 |
| UT (Hz) | -0.01± 2.22 | -4.52± 3.68# | -4.88± 4.19# | -5.11± 3.31# | 5.159 | 0.004 |
| LT (Hz) | 0.49± 0.98 | -5.06± 5.90 | -4.65± 7.50 | -2.61± 3.40 | 2.581 | 0.065 |
| SCM (Hz) | -2.62± 5.52 | -8.65± 10.05 | -8.29± 9.36 | -8.05± 12.70 | 0.876 | 0.460 |
| SA (Hz) | -0.36± 3.16 | -2.52± 4.04 | -4.20± 5.60 | -5.54± 7.85 | 1.843 | 0.152 |
| PMa (Hz) | -0.26± 3.31 | -2.11± 4.22 | -3.40± 3.21 | -3.84± 5.25 | 2.233 | 0.097 |
All values are reported as the mean± standard deviation. SH: shoulder height, TKA: thoracic kyphotic angle, UT: upper trapezius, LT: lower trapezius, SCM: sternocleidomastoid, SA: serratus anterior, PMa: pectoralis major. *p< 0.05, #p< 0.05 versus 0%.